Before anything else, understand your specific passport need. Are you applying for the very first time, or is it time to renew an expiring document? If you’ve never held a passport, you’ll generally use form DS-11. For renewals, it’s typically the DS-82, assuming your old passport is still valid or recently expired. Check your existing passport’s expiration date right away. It’s smart not to wait until the last minute, especially when traveling from Peru, as processing times can fluctuate, and you don’t want to miss an important trip due to a rushed application.

Now’s the time to gather all the critical documents proving who you are. This usually means your original birth certificate or previous passport. For those renewing, your old passport is paramount. If you’re a first-time applicant, bring proof of U.S. citizenship, like your original birth certificate or Certificate of Naturalization, plus a valid government-issued ID like a DNI or Peruvian driver’s license. Always have both the originals and clear photocopies of everything. In Peru, if you need a certified copy of a Peruvian birth certificate for local purposes, RENIEC is the place, but for U.S. passports, original U.S. citizenship documents are non-negotiable.

Getting the right photo is crucial, as strict guidelines apply. You’ll need one recent, color photograph, 2×2 inches in size, taken against a plain white or off-white background. Make sure your expression is neutral, eyes open, and no glasses or hats. Finding a professional photographer who is familiar with U.S. passport photo specifications is highly recommended. Many “foto” shops, particularly in commercial areas of cities like Lima, Arequipa, or Cusco, advertise “Fotos para Pasaporte Americano” and can get it right the first time, saving you potential delays.

It’s time to tackle the official paperwork. Depending on your situation, you’ll either fill out Form DS-11 (for first-time applicants) or Form DS-82 (for renewals). You can typically find and print these forms directly from the U.S. Embassy in Lima’s website. Read every instruction carefully, ensuring all information is accurate and matches your supporting documents. For DS-11, **do not sign** the form until you are instructed to do so by an acceptance agent at your appointment, as it must be witnessed. Errors can lead to significant processing delays.

Next, you’ll need to handle the application fees. The U.S. Embassy website provides the most current fee schedule and accepted payment methods, which often include online payments or cashier’s checks. Once your payment is sorted, it’s time to schedule your mandatory appointment at the U.S. Embassy in Lima. Be proactive, as appointment slots can fill up quickly, especially during peak travel seasons. The embassy’s online scheduling system is usually straightforward, but confirm all requirements before booking to avoid rescheduling.

This is the final step! On your scheduled day, arrive at the U.S. Embassy in Lima with all your meticulously prepared documents: completed forms, original citizenship proof, photocopies, passport photo, and payment confirmation. Be prepared for security screenings upon entry; large bags, electronics, and liquids are often restricted. For DS-11 applicants, you’ll have a brief interview and sign your form in front of the Consular Officer. They will verify your identity and documents. Afterwards, they’ll give you an estimate for when your new passport will be ready and details on how to track its progress.